Most of the leaders are running ethical companies, but...

Most of the leaders are running ethical companies, but there are some of businesses running unethical companies that caused company to break down for some reasons. One of the problems of this is that some of the leaders lied, and they act in a manner that is entirely unlawful or wrongful. Much more often, employees break ethics rules because top executives tend to act in an unethical behavior. Moral compass is anything which serves to guide a persons decisions based on morals or virtues which means it is a natural feeling that makes people know what is right and wrong and how they should behave. While personal ethics are how people make moral and ethical decisions. When we look into successful leaders that used unethical behavior to do†¦show more content†¦Kozlowski became scandalous for his lavish lifestyle, and he was summoned for tax fraud with respect to purchases of fine art. Mr. Kozlowski was convicted of fraud and grand larceny for misappropriating more than $400 mill ion of Tyco’s money for his personal use, including buying a $6,000 shower curtain and throwing a lavish birthday party for his wife on the island of Sardinia (Dealbook, 2008). Kozlowski was involved in with Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Mark Swartz. Kozlowski, Swartz, and Belnick stole $600 million dollars from Tyco International through their unapproved bonuses, loans, and extravagant company spending (Obringer, 2005). Three of them worked together to misuse company funds, shareholders’ interests in the company. The actions or behavior of the leaders in Tyco International Company is said to be unethical in terms of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism means providing the greatest benefits or happiness for the greatest number. Tyco International had embezzled funds worth more than 600 million U.S dollars. This act is a conflict of interest as Kozlowski and his partner satisfy their selfish interests instead of considering the needs of the organization.. In order to fulfill self interest and luxurious life, the leaders embezzled the company funds that should be used to manage the company in the best interest of shareholders and stakeholders. Here, Kozlowski only care about the self-interest instead of consideringShow MoreRelatedEthics and Profits of an Organization843 Words   |  3 Pagesprofits. Most of the corporations in the United States that are in existence were started on the basis of profit making. This means that the main reason why the corporations exist is so that the owners can get re turns from their investment. Business ethics involves the application of ethics to business behavior and the decision making process in the business setting. The connection between business ethics and decision making comes about as a result of the considerations that leaders in businesses putRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior social context. Ethical behavior conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what’s right and good. Unethical behavior conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what’s wrong or bad. Business ethics refers to ethical or unethical behavior by employees in the context of their jobs. Ethics are talked about frequently and addressed in the news when unethical decisions are found. Sadly, people do not hear about ethics when others are engaging in ethical behavior on a daily basisRead MoreStarbucks Strategy1531 Words   |  7 Pages Running head: STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY1 Dr. Shavers Assignment 1: Starbucks’s Strategy Modern Management Strayer University October 21, 2014 Submitted by: RUNNING HEAD: STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY2 Starbuck’s Coffee is a multi-billion dollar company. It was founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. It was a single store located in the Park Place Market area of Seattle. The idea started with three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel, and Gordon Bowker. They opened a small shop and beganRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics and Values in Business Sustainability1050 Words   |  4 Pagesconduct of an activity and values are the judgement of what is important in life. Businesses are often tempted to make short‑term gains by turning a blind eye to what’s right. Despite codes of conduct, regulatory omission and ever‑increasing public pressure, many firms routinely ignore ethical considerations. Some even claim that a business simply needs to abide by the law without concerning itself with broader ethical issues. Yet such disregard can undermine the wider economy and, in time, cause irreversibleRead More Business Ethics Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pageswrong, justice and virtue. To business, ethics is a tool to examine principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Therefore, business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline. Ethics is a part of the larger social ethics, and also always affect business development. In other words, business ethics is a factor of determining the fundamental purposes of a company. Marketing ethics is a subset of business ethics. Because in marketing, ethics deals withRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Employment Relations1694 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Literature Review While, there is variety of definitions, the most simplistic is that ‘business models’ describe how companies conduct their business, create value, and generate revenue (Boselie 2010; Breiby Wanberg 2011). With the rise of neoliberalism and globalization, companies such as Enron, Wal-Mart, Lemon Brothers, etc., tells us horror stories of unethical business conducts that ultimately affects all stakeholders involved, including national economies (Lissack RichardsonRead MorePersonal Statement : Leadership Development Plan1158 Words   |  5 PagesSummary to Personal Mission Statement My leadership for the future follows a very distinctive path. As I have worked with multiple organizations and companies, I still have a long way to go for more knowledge and experience in leadership. Leaders always need to train and adjust their skills to the ongoing evolution of economics. I see myself today as a leader that still needs to develop his skills. I teach as an adjunct and work for a finance/accounting firm. In the future, I would like to establish myRead MoreEthical Leadership Challenges in the era of Globalization2367 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Ethical leadership challenges in the era of globalization Introduction Ethical leadership is a phenomenon in the tongues of many, both in the political and business scene. This is a type of leadership that is desired by many because it is believed that it ensures equity, transparency and accountability. Ethical leadership is one that upholds the conventional and non-conventional ethics of the profession. It ensures that one respects the rights and privileges of all subordinates and thus thisRead MoreLeadership Is Not A New Topic970 Words   |  4 PagesStudying leadership is not a new topic. Many books have been written about leaders who take struggling businesses and turn them into profitable organizations. There are numerous examples of effective bosses who specialize in motivating their employees to achieve the impossible while creating a loving bond with the work force. The examples most people find appealing are the ones that portray leaders who demonstrate exceptional management abilities as well as strong interpersonal skills. WhileRead More Leadership Styles : Leadership Style1012 Words   |  5 Pagescompetent manager, effective leader, and executive. The highly capable individual makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills, and good work habits. The contributing team member contributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives, and works effectively with others in a group setting. Competent manger organizes people and resources toward the effective, and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives. The effective leader catalyzes commitment and vigorous

Oedipus the King Essay - 615 Words

Sophocles Oedipus the King In the play Oedipus Rex the main character, Oedipus, has to deal with his predetermined fate and his own nature. He is cursed from the beginning of his life when a soothsayer tells of his fate upon his birth. It is predicted that he will kill his father, and marry his mother, and raise a family. Oedipus was born to Laios and Iocaste who were the king and queen of Thebes. Upon his birth, his parents were shocked at a soothsayer?s prediction of Oedipus?s fate. It was originally said that he would kill his father, marry his mother, and raise a family. Naturally his parents couldnt have this, so they rid themselves of Oedipus by apparently killing him. They gave him to a shepard and told him†¦show more content†¦Oedipus would carry on and eventually end up in Thebes where he was originally born. Oedipus would go on to marry his mother Iocaste, and be looked at as a hero to the community. This would in fact fulfill the second part of Oedipus?s fate. Oedipus would carry on his life in Thebes and have a family with his new wife, Iocaste, who is also his mother. Throughout all of this Oedipus never had the slightest clue he was angering the gods by committing the crimes of patricide, regicide, and incest. The gods placed a plague on the city of Thebes and said that only the plague would be lifted if the killer of the king Laios were brought to justice. At the time still no one knew that Oedipus had killed the king or that he was the son of his wife. Oedipus would carry on a vigorous search for the killer of Laios, although he would be very successful because the person he was looking for was himself. In the end Oedipus would finally find out it was himself he was looking for. When his wife committed suicide, after realizing it was actually Oedipus who she had married, the soothsayer was trying to explain whom the killer of Laios actually was. Oedipus never had control over his fate because it was all predetermined in the telling of the soothsayer at the beginning of his life. Oedipus had no clue that it was his father he was killing when he killed Laios, nor did he have any knowledgeShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† (c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipus’s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspense about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply d iscover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, #8220;Oedipus the King#8221; contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his/her own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia or a tragic flaw which causes his/hers#8217; downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Pride like that of Oedipus hadRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreOedipus the King1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmen of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† This attitude, commonly found in men of high station is not specifically identified as pride in the case of Oedipus and, indeed, different readings can place Oedipus’ great flaw in a number of areas. It seems as if Sophocles intended to emphasize the more common interpr etation of Oedipus’ flaw being excessive pride, but other interpretations, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1967 film Oedipus Rex, present other possibilities as the main characterRead MoreOedipus the King773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek drama Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is regarded as one of the most perfect tragedies ever written. The tragedy Oedipus the King is highly esteemed partly due to its use of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony means that facts or events, which are not known to the characters on stage or in a fictional work, are known to the audience or reader. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to demonstrate how little the protagonist really knows. The main dramatic irony in Oedipus the King contrasts Oedipus’sRead MoreOedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotleâ €™s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; heRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying tha t†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of wines

Project Overview of Ecommerce Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Overview of Ecommerce. Answer: Introduction E-commerce or the electronic commerce is the technique by which the various kinds of commodities and goods are sold by retailers and those goods are bought by the customers over the Internet. The entire transaction of goods is conducted over the Internet along with the transaction of money. There are multiple alternatives to pay for the commodities over the e-commerce site and online payment is one of the alternatives (Brannen, 2017). However, security is the major concern associated with the online payment. The reason for choosing this topic is to highlight the necessity to secure the online money transaction so that the customers can enjoy a hassle-free secure service. The report will showcase the security measures by which the security of the e-commerce site can be established. Project Overview The e-commerce site is developed keeping in mind the individual customers as well as the corporate customers, this help in conducting the business operations and transaction of goods in large volumes. The e-commerce provides various kinds of facilities like non-cash payment, the customers do not have to pay in cash, and they can simply choose to pay via debit card, credit card and via online banking (Creswell, 2013). The customers can get the facility to provide 24x7 services, they can shop at their convenient times, can shop on the go. The online retail stores provide better support to the customers; the customers can keep in touch with the e-commerce industry all the time and get solutions to all their queries. Thus security and privacy are important. The e-commerce giants like Amazon, eBay invests heavy on these e-commerce websites for ensuring the privacy of the customers and the security of the website as well as the company. There is a high risk of security breaches due to the cyber-attacks from the hackers. Thus it is absolute necessity to implement security features to theses websites (Ghosh, 2012). This report will focus on to research the security measures by which the personal sensitive information can be protected and secured. The technology that is used in the e-commerce websites is Secure socket layer (SSL), https, HTTP and Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP). Secure Socket Layer is widely used convention and is used to conduct the business operations securely and effectively. It is known to provide the security features- non-reputability, validation, encryption and trustworthiness (Davies Hughes, 2014). The https is used for HTTP URLs along with SSL whereas HTTP is used for HTTP URLs and not along with SSL. The Secure hypertext transfer protocol caters secure transactions over the Internet. It assists in authentication of the client by implementing encryption method. SHTTP is incorporated into browsers to cater the routine security over the Internet. Problem Overview The security issue is the main concern for all the online retailers. The intruders can attack the system and make the system and the database of the e-commerce companies and hack the sensitive data of the company, the financial data and the personal details of the customers. If the customers' data gets breached then the data, the privacy of the customers will get compromised. The e-commerce sites can face huge loss, they can even lose the customers base. The cyber attackers generally carry out the malicious activities by incorporating virus in the system of the e-commerce server, by taking control over the insecure network of the e-retailers (Aven, 2015). Trojan horse and the logic bombs are two kinds of threats and take away the sensitive information of the system and the database. Another kind of threat is Denial of Service Attacks and this attack is responsible to take control of one system and disallow the owner to access their own system. This attack is also responsible to shut down one's server and one's system. Another popular attack is a phishing attack. The cyber attackers develop a website which is genuine e-commerce website's lookalike. They simply copy the HTML code and carry out the attack. Besides those threats discussed, there are vulnerabilities too (Lampard Pole, 2015). The vulnerabilities incur due to the attack from the SQL injection, cross-site scripting, customers choosing weak passwords and lots more. The security measures must be applied to mitigate these aforesaid threats and the vulnerabilities related to e-commerce. Understanding of Research Issues The research is based on the three questionnaires- what are the primary security concerns of an e-commerce site, what is the necessity to secure the e-commerce site, what are the ethical issues associated with the e-commerce security (Laudon Traver, 2013). Therefore, the privacy and security, technology related attacks and the ethical issues that will be focused and is the area of research. Security and Privacy: The customers will have to be concerned about the security and privacy. The theft of the customers credentials is the area of concern (Morgan, 2013). The retail industry contains all the personal details of the customers, they also have the bank card details as well, thus the question arises if those sensitive data got breached then the privacy and security of the customers will get threatened. Technology related attacks: The cyber-attack on the e-commerce is carried out by brute force attack, denial of service attack (DDoS), ICMP flood. Ethical issues: The ethical issues are associated with the data mining procedures. The retailers must use the customers data efficiently and should be attentive that it does not hurt any customers or does not make any negative impact on the customers personal life (Segovia, Szczepaniak Niedzwiedzinski, 2013). Also, if those data get breached then the retailers can be in trouble, they will lose customers' base, they will lose the reputation and ultimately they will face a huge loss. The customers must be attentive and should limit their personal data usage. They have also the right not to share the personal information at all. In this way, they can protect the data from getting breached (Time, 2012). On the other hand, if the data are to be used, they must be used ethically and effectively keeping in mind the security and privacy of the customers. Related Work and Proposed Solutions by Authors to Address Research Issues The twelve articles or twelve related works will be highlighted and along with that, the proposals of various authors in regards to security measures of the e-commerce website will be discussed via these twelve articles. The first article details the techniques and the procedures via which the e-commerce websites can be protected and secured. The two models have been discussed the first one is the oriented authorization model and the second one is the oriented authentication model. The oriented authentication model is responsible to protect the e-commerce system from the brute force attack, replay attack and the data sniffing attack (Rane et al., 2012). The authorization model deals with the session hijacking and the bypassing authorization attacks, replay attacks, ID spoofing. The oriented authorization model is also on the basis of providing the customer's permission about accessing the data. Thus it can be concluded that the authentication and authorization are important for the enhancement of the e-commerce activities. The second article focuses on the cryptography technique by which the websites can be protected. This article showcases an algorithm which is fast as well as strong via which the security of the website can be ensured (Maqableh, 2012). The article has proposed about the cryptography that involves the hash functions, that also involves the pseudorandom number generation. HTTPs, SSL and SET protocols have been showcased in the article as well. The e-commerce website if properly encrypted significant benefits can be achieved. The third article demonstrates about the malware and the virus threat that can make any companys system and database vulnerable. The dangerous among them is the Trojan Horse. The Trojan Horse is responsible to block and is responsible to bypass any type of authentication and authorization techniques (Niranjanamurthy Chahar, 2013). The online retail industry has numerous phases and they mainly deal with the delivery phase, the information, the payment phase and the negotiation phase. The phases defined above have various kinds of security measures, various kinds of encryption procedures and various kinds of integrity checks. The article has highlighted the DDoS attacks, unauthorized attacks and the data fraud and the data theft. The article has grandstand on how individuals can protect themselves from all kinds of security breaches. The fourth article highlights the pros and cons of the M-commerce and the e-commerce respectively. The pros are related to the security aspects of the e-commerce sites. The article discusses the credit card related frauds and how one should stay safe from the hackers and data fraud, data theft and the phishing attacks. The security measures which probably can protect them from all kinds of security breaches have been discussed in the article and the security measures are authentication, encryption, non-repudiation and unauthorized access (Niranjanamurthy et al., 2013). The attackers can gain entry to one's system unethically and can modify and delete the data thus the e-commerce sites must be made secure. The fifth article showcases that the online shopping must be conducted in a safe and secure manner, the digital certificate, strong passwords and the secured public key infrastructure. The e-commerce life cycle has been elaborated in the article as well. According to the author, there should be a mutual trust in running the business operations. DDoS has been highlighted as the most disastrous threat. A security framework must be built to ensure security and safety of the e-commerce website. Nowadays all the customers are very much inclined towards the online shopping and the demand is rising (Revathi, Shanthi Saranya, 2015). This protecting the website from all kinds of breaches is the need of the hour. Along with that the confidentiality, privacy and the availability must be maintained. The sixth article showcases that the e-commerce applications can be downloaded to the smartphone and the same kind of effective service can be enjoyed over the phone. The utility of e-commerce apps has been showcased. The flaws have been highlighted as well. The flaws are basically associated with encryption and GPRS authentication. The protocols related with authentication have been discussed along with the encryption mechanisms (Prakash, 2015). The m-commerce activities are increasing and becoming more demanding day by day thus the security measures must be taken into consideration. The seventh article also focuses on the network security issues. According to the article, a well-secured framework model must have the data confidentiality, data integrity and the authentication. The threats which can prove disastrous to the e-commerce websites are unauthorised access, data theft, data fraud, spamming and the DDoS attack (Gautam Singh, 2014). There are also vulnerabilities that have been discussed and along with that risks occurring due to the casualties of the customers have been highlighted. The eighth article has elaborated the various kinds of business operations that the e-commerce industry works on. The author of this article has proposed the server side security model, the client-side security model and also proposed that the data must be transacted in a secured manner (Rane Meshram, 2012). The database module is associated with the watermarking, encryption of data and the digital signature. The ninth article highlights that the e-commerce websites can be secured only by cryptography techniques. The monetary transaction must be made secure by applying security models and the cryptographic techniques. The transactions related to e-commerce contains various kinds of phases like delivery phase, payment phase, information phase and the negotiation phase (Yasin, Haseeb Qureshi, 2012). The article has proposed about the cryptography that involves the hash functions, that also involves the pseudorandom number generation. HTTPs, SSL and SET protocols have been showcased in the article. The tenth article focuses on the various aspects of the e-commerce website like merchant account, payment gateway and the shopping cart (Yusuf Zeki, 2015). A secured e-commerce must have all the required security features and measures like the availability, non-repudiation and the privacy. The major threats which are the area of concern for the e-commerce websites are DDoS attacks, Trojan Horse and various kinds of notable malware and virus attacks. SSL can be an effective tool to cater the security to the e-commerce website. The site must be designed incorporating the security and the privacy parameters. The eleventh article talks about the cards- Master Card and Visa Card. Various kinds of security protocols incorporated within to facilitate secure money transaction. Asymmetric and symmetric cryptographic technique along with the hashing technique has been depicted in the article (Khandare Meshram, 2013). The article also depicts about the SDTS algorithm via which transaction of data can be made with ease and security. Again, this article has highlighted the concept of biometric authentication. The twelfth article has elaborated the security risks and threats like DDoS attacks, network sniffing, IP spoofing, consumers can be deceived by the hackers in numerous ways and can fall into their trap (Aggarwal, 2014). The article also talks about the SSL and various other security solutions by which the attackers can be restricted conducting the malicious activities. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the financial transactions are conducted via these online retailing websites and security is the major issues. The details of the e-commerce applications have been highlighted in the report. Along with that the security risks, threats and the privacy features have been highlighted in details. The report is based on the research of three questions-the security concerns of the e-commerce website, the necessity for securing the e-commerce website and the ethical issues related to the e-commerce security. The security solutions have been discussed. The twelve articles have been showcased in the report where various authors have given various approaches in related to the security aspects of the e-commerce website. Certain security strategies and security model must be adopted and the employees working in the e-commerce enterprise must be knowledgeable about the security solutions so that they cater the best security solutions to the custom ers and the enterprise. The security aspects like authentication, authorization has been discussed in the report via which the customers can stay safe and secure. References Aggarwal, V. (2014). E-Commerce Security Issues And Solutions: A Survey.International Interdisciplinary Research Journal,2(1). Aven, T. (2015).Risk analysis. John Wiley Sons. Brannen, J. (Ed.). (2017).Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Davies, M. B., Hughes, N. (2014).Doing a successful research project: Using qualitative or quantitative methods. Palgrave Macmillan. Gautam, R., Singh, S. (2014). Network Security Issues in e-Commerce.International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer Science And Software Engineering,4(3). Ghosh, A. K. (Ed.). (2012).E-commerce Security and Privacy(Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Khandare, N., Meshram, D. (2013). Security Of Online Electronic Transactions.International Journal Of Technical Research And Applications,1(5). Lampard, R., Pole, C. (2015).Practical social investigation: Qualitative and quantitative methods in social research. Routledge. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G. (2013).E-commerce. Pearson. Maqableh, M. (2012).Analysis and design security primitives based on chaotic systems for ecommerce(Doctoral dissertation, Durham University). Morgan, D. L. (2013).Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods: A pragmatic approach. Sage publications. Niranjanamurthy, M., Chahar, D. D. (2013). The study of e-commerce security issues and solutions.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(7). Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S., Chahar, D. (2013). Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Prakash, K. (2015). Security Issues And Challenges In Mobile Computing And M-Commerce.International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey,6(2), 29. Rane, P. B., Meshram, B. B. (2012). Application-level and database security for e-commerce application.International Journal of Computer Applications,41(18). Rane, P. B., Kulkarni, P., Patil, S., Meshram, B. B. (2012). Authentication and authorization: tool for ecommerce security.IRACSTEngineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ),2(1), 150-157. Revathi., C., Shanthi., K., Saranya., A.R.(2015). A Study on E-Commerce Security Issues International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 3(12) Segovia, J., Szczepaniak, P. S., Niedzwiedzinski, M. (Eds.). (2013). E-commerce and Intelligent Methods (Vol. 105). Physica. Time, C. (2012). Data Collection Methods.Review of Sociology,17, 225-249. Yasin, S., Haseeb, K., Qureshi, R. J. (2012). Cryptography based e-commerce security: a review.International Journal of Computer Science Issues,9(2), 132-137. Yusuf Mohamed, A., M Zeki, A. (2015). The most principle Security Issues In E-commerce.International Journal Of Scientific And Research Publications,5(12).

Social Class and Alienation

Karl Marx presented two class models of society namely the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie are the capitalists who are few in number and are the owners of capital. They are also rich, powerful, oppressors, exploiters and they always win elections in democratic countries. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Class and Alienation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the proletariats are the workers, owners of labor and they are the majority in numbers but are powerless since they are oppressed and exploited by the rich and they always lose in election in democratic nations. The proletariat can be described as a class in itself in the sense that they share same objectives and relationships to the means of production, that is, they are laborers who are paid in wages. The two classes are always in conflict with each other because their interests are incompatible. While the bourg eoisie have the interests of maintaining the status quo which ensures their dominance, the proletariats are interested in changing the status quo which deprives them of good life. However, the two classes are not aware of the nature of the circumstances which they live in but assume that the situations which they find themselves in are natural and nothing can be done to change them. This is what Karl Marx calls a false class consciousness. The bourgeoisie are not aware that they are the exploiters while the proletariats are not aware that they are exploited or oppressed, they are also not aware that they are poor but assume that they are naturally supposed to be poor. However; when the proletariats become aware of the reality, that is, when they know that they are exploited by the bourgeoisie, what follows is a revolution. Marx argues that the Russian revolution of 1917 was as a result of the realization of the proletariats that they were being oppressed by the bourgeoisie. Karl Ma rx understood work as alienating. His argument was based on the capitalistic mode of production which has its roots in the industrial revolution of 1600. This mode of production is characterized by the two groups named above that is, the bourgeoisie and the proletariats. According to Karl Marx, the proletariats own nothing except their labor, which they sale at cheap price to the capitalists (Wharton 44-68). The concept of alienation simply means the existence of some dividing forces between things which are essentially supposed to be in harmony with each other. For example, man created and discovered religion, but the same man subjects himself to uncomfortable religious beliefs or practices like refusing to take medicine due to religious beliefs. In this situation, religion makes man to be uneasy, yet it is the same man who creates the religion (Wharton 44-68).Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx argued that the ideal purpose of work was to make man happy by enabling him move towards the actualization levels in his life. But due to the capitalistic economy, work is no longer playing its primary function in man, but rather, it is alienating him. According to Marx, man can be alienated in four major ways namely the alienation from the results of labor, alienation from the other workers, alienation of the worker from him or herself and alienation of the worker from working (Wharton 44-68). Alienation from the results of labor happens when man works but he does not have a stake in the products of his labor and only gets his wages, which are way below the worth of the products of his labor. This is what Karl Marx calls exploitation, which creates profits in form of surplus. Paradoxically, the surplus is not attributed to the workers but rather to the capitalists (Wharton 44-68). Alienation from other workers takes place when the worker is transformed into a commodity to be used in the competitive capitalist economy. In this situation, the worker is not viewed as a social being but is tied to his or her work, in which he or she is paid as per his or her output. The execs labor which is not paid for is what Marx referred to as surplus value, which ends up benefiting the owners of the means of production at the expense of the worker. Alienation of the worker from working takes place when the worker is robbed off his ability or opportunity to enjoy the intrinsic value of work. In the capitalistic economy, personal lives are separated from work, meaning that the worker is transformed into a machine. This makes him or her to work for the sake of working, but not as a way of serving other humanity or quenching his passion to work in a certain field (Wharton 44-68). Alienation of the worker from him or herself takes place when the worker is robbed off his objectivity in life. The nature of the work does not allow the worker to do what he or she pleases him. In many cases, the jobs in a capitalist system are very well defined with strict guidelines through job descriptions. Many jobs do not allow the worker to bring in his innovation, creativity and passionate input to the jobs and this only helps the capitalists to attain their objectives in life, without the worker having an opportunity to attain his objectives in life unless he works hard to own the means of production. Works Cited Wharton, Amy. Selected Material From Working In America: Continuity, Conflict, and Change, (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2006.44-68.Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Class and Alienation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Social Class and Alienation was written and submitted by user Damarion K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Legalized Gambling Essays - Genovese Crime Family, Murder, Inc.

Legalized Gambling Essays - Genovese Crime Family, Murder, Inc. Legalized Gambling Through the years, gambling has become America's pastime. Over 60 million Americans make some sort of wager every day.1 When compared to other recreations(in billions of dollars) in 1990, gambling institutions made 2.2 more than magazine sales, 8.3 more than book sales, 20.9 more than theaters, and a whopping 21.8 more than movies.2 This number has increased to this high level because of the growth in the amount of legalized gambling establishments and the accessibility to these establishments, both of which increases the number of gamblers. The compulsive or pathological gambler affects society most. According to Stuart Winston, The compulsive gambler is the backbone of gambling. Without the compulsive gambler, there would be no Las Vegas, no Off Track Wagering. Two thirds of the race tracks in America would close. The attendance of sporting events would drop 50%, and T.V. wouldn't bother with sports beyond championship events.....The compulsive gambler bets a piece of his life everyday, and a piece of his family's. The other 45 million people who gamble are having fun.(Out of the 60 million who gamble every day)3 These gamblers often resort to crime to pay off their debts and anger. Even though legalized gambling has changed through time, and has been "accepted" in America today, it remains detrimental to society, and should not be legal anywhere. American gambling can be traced back to the early years of the nation. Different forms of gambling, such as lotteries, remained popular until 1890, when U.S. jurisdiction made lotteries and all other forms of gambling illegal by direct prohibition.4 Gambling had become more and more a "low life" thing to do. These low lifes, called "rowdies", would bet or take a bet on anything. Most tried to look different from everyone else by wearing thick imitation gold chains, a dyed black mustache, a velvet coat, and long hair. New York City alone had about 30,00 people earning a living from gambling in the 1890's. The casino's were plush and usually had a buffet with alcohol. The operation made a lot of money, most from cheating. Each casino would hire "agents" to come in and claim winning keno numbers, afterwards giving most of it back to the casino. Counterfeit money was also handed out to the few people who happened to win. Any protest from a loser and he would end up with a black eye. Oscar Handlin said, "An individual may sometimes take away substantial sums of money, but in the long run the banker must win."5 Essentially, gambling hurt society in the early years of America. For the next 25 years, gambling became unpopular again because of reports of cheating and changing American values. Anything thought of to be harmful to society became illegal. For example, alcohol became illegal by Prohibition. The reintroduction of gambling resulted in the return of corruption and fraud. By the mid 1920's, state after state abolished its anti-gambling laws. Gambling had become more and more accepted because of churches holding bingo sessions and legitimate racetracks being built. In 1931, gambling became totally legalized in Nevada to replace the money the state was getting from depleted ore rich mountains.6 Organized crime started to turn toward gambling as their main source of income after Prohibition ended in 1933. These criminals made most of their money bootlegging alcohol during Prohibition, so once alcohol prices went down, they needed another way to make a lot of money fast: gambling.7 Organized crime started getting more involved with gambling once Las Vegas started to boom. Bugsy Siegal, a half insane murderer who was sent to Nevada to enforce mob control of the race wire services, opened up the first hotel/casino in Las Vegas. His hotel, the Flamingo began a long period of gang involvement in Las Vegas. In 1947, the Desert Inn opened, run by a gang from Cleveland. A savage group of people, including the infamous Meyer Lansky and Lucky Luciano, established the Desert Inn in 1947. Lansky, the brains of this group, was a genius with numbers, while Luciano, the brute of the group, was a genius for finding Lansky. 1952 brought the opening of the Sahara by some run-out's from Oregon. The Sands, with Frank Sinatra as

When to Consider Planting a Flowering Dogwood Tree

When to Consider Planting a Flowering Dogwood Tree Flowering dogwood is the state tree of Virginia and Missouri and the state flower of North Carolina. It is an extremely popular flowering tree in American landscapes, is beautiful in every season and  a sturdy tree  that can be grown in most yards. Flowering dogwood opens white flowers in April, usually before the leaf display, and will show off and enhance any spring  landscape. If planted on a hospitable site and under a canopy of larger trees, the tree grows fast, sleek and slim but it  will be  less sleek and more husky when grown in open sun. Unfortunately, the tree is  too often planted on dry, sunny and alkaline soils and the grower misses its full potential. Habit and Planting Dogwood grows readily from seed but is not easy to transplant. You  will do best by buying a potted  tree at your garden center or bare-root tree at  a nursery.  You can buy bulk bare-root stock at very reasonable prices from the Arbor Day Foundation if you are a member. Always move dogwood with a complete root ball in the early spring and place the transplant a little high in the planting hole. Understory dogwood is a medium tree of about 40 feet with wispy stems. The dogwood occupies a large eastern north-south range in North America from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. The tree is not very hardy if planted beyond its genetic home region so pick a local variety. Strong Cultivars There are white, red and blended versions of flowering dogwood.  Some of the most popular  dogwood cultivars are Cherokee Chief, Cherokee Princess, First Lady, Rubra, New Hampshire, and  Appalachian Spring. Many of these can only be found in local nurseries in the region  where the cultivar does best. Flowering dogwood is hardy through zone 5.

Police Dept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Police Dept - Essay Example It only run and handle small cases like the arrest of minors and settlement of dispute around the town, also carry out investigation and after identifying a case that got crime that is beyond their power to deal with, it is always handled to the next level as it might need more of investigation to be done this is because they are limited by their jurisdiction the extent to handle in a case. The state level got more authority than the local did and as the name suggest its matters are the once that concerns entire state. The duties of the state officers are recruitment of fellow police, patrolling and maintenance of highway, directing the parking way within the state, control and regulates alcohol consumption and have authority over the ports in the around. For well accomplishment of its duties, the state level is divided into the following departments: Criminal investigation, state bureau of investigation and department of motor vehicle. This is the largest body consisting of approximately 60 agencies. It deals with protection of entire country starting with the most outer part protection and patrol of its borders, control of immigration this is by controlling the incoming and outgoing of personnel in the country. The officers at this level deal and tackle large crime across every state and town, exercise control and prevention of any criminal activities. Federal consists of about 60 agencies, sampling them here are the most common and large agencies: Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I), Fire and Explosives agency and Drug Enforcement administration. The three levels offer security and maintain peace to entire nation altogether by being that each part of the country has its own level that handles it and through communication the tackling, handling and clear investigation is accomplished hence leading to maintenance of security. The civil service system in the United States, established in 1871, consists of the federal civil service and the

The Theory of the Invisible Hand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Theory of the Invisible Hand - Essay Example The above theory is further explained as a condition by which an individual in a society will toil enough to put his capital in the domestic industry so as to encourage its produce for getting a better value, and by doing this, the individual is trying to put in his labor, unknowingly or indirectly, towards bringing in a larger revenue to the society as a whole. In this sort of constructive endeavors the individual actually does not intend to promote the public interest at all, and also does not know to what extent he is promoting it. This unintended promotion bestowed on the society will naturally be more than the actual worth if the individual has really intended it. The theory of the Invisible Hand affirms that if a consumer is given the chance to select freely, that is, at his own will without any external coercion or persuasion, from the several options or products before him, then each producer responsible for the options or products will get the total freedom to choose what to sell or what to produce and how to produce it. This will allow the intended market to settle upon a very convenient product distribution and pricing system so that it will benefit all the members of the society. The reason for deriving such an outcome is vested in the truth that the greed and self interest of an individual will force the attributes to transform into a state of collective and gainful qualities benefiting the society. In economics related to industrial organizations, this theory is applied in the viable and effective production methods in order to maximize the profits. Pricing of products will be fixed to the minimum to compete with the rivals. For getting the required profits the investors will put more money in industries which are considered to be the neediest to people or the target group instead of investing in less profitable industries. According to Adam Smith, "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own self interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages." (Smith, Adam. Wealth of Nations, http://www.econlib.org/LIBRARY/ Smith/smWN1.html#B.I%2C%20Ch. 2%2C%20Of%20the%20Principle%20which%20gives%20Occasion%20to%20the%20Division%20of%20Labour%2C%20benevolence. Retrieved on 25th April, 2009) Thus, the Invisible Hand theory acts as a balancing mechanism in its entirety in the field of customer oriented production and its strategic marketing and in the matter of building customer relationships so as to increase the gains of the entrepreneurs. In this respect it cannot be construed that these entrepreneur's actions are fully motivated to benefit the interests of the society, but it is focused on himself and his kith and kin, and in reality, the net result of its application is nothing but the exploitation of the common people who are in dire wants of necessities and amenities in their struggle to survive in this world. Explanations of "Invisible Hand" in Society by different authors: Every individual...generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only h

Torture And Obtaining Confessions From Terror Suspects Essay Example for Free

Torture And Obtaining Confessions From Terror Suspects Essay Terrorism merely stands for any violence or crime. Usually any destructive and dangerous acts executed by an individual or by group famously known as terrorist. Basically, it is not simply just bringing destruction to community is what they intend for but these groups also aspire for political or ideological goals. Emerging of various terrorist groups with a variety of missions is becoming rampant. Al-Qaeda meaning the base, an international militant terrorist group led and founded by Osama bin Laden has also its goal to unite all Muslim’s nations and aims to dominate globally(Pike, 2005). The well known tragic terrorist attack executed by Al-Qaeda which was still fresh in memories of the world and had done a very massive destruction was the September 11 tragedy in New York, USA. These attack cause death to hundreds of people, victims and AL-Qaeda terrorist. By these acts and operations of such terrorist groups, the world seems to have been troubled and challenged on how to prevent or totally bring it to an end. The government is taking plans on how to contest this kind of situations even though it looks as if terrorism becomes rampant all throughout the humankind. In addition to these terrorisms, issues on tension on fighting terrorist acts and protection on civil liberties are being undertaken. This is a tough challenge for the government to combat terrorism and to balance civil liberties in line with the achievement of global peace and order. As to longing to end up with peace and order in the world, the government took hard and inflexible time to arrest, investigate and put into jail terrorist or even put into death. Different governments had been exercising varieties of operations and tactics. Governments establish foreign and local investigation partners by coordinating with other agencies and countries. Government also uses new ways of detecting terror plans by means of Law Enforcement tools (DOJ, 2006) . Just to ensure a great war on terrorism, some uses the dissimilar trends of tactics which ignores and violates the human rights of suspects and all other concerned individuals. In search for terrorist or groups of terrorist, government sometimes abuses his power and authority. Abusing represents disrespect and dishonor to the community even the individual’s rights and liberties. Subjective arrest and detentions were implemented by some government. Individuals are arrested by force even though without any evidences against them. Tortures and any other inhuman treatments just like physically maltreating the prisoner by not providing any foods were also practiced and also sometimes suspects are beaten by any hard materials which may lead to too much force and extrajudicial action. Tortures were exercised to make sure that suspects would admit and confess for the violence. Many exercised this torture since they can easily make suspects confess. Government has been implementing it and believes this is a great approach to solve crimes effortlessly. Other governments transport their prisoners in a secret detention place like in Guantanamo Bay, Bagram for US custodies(International, 2006). These actions taken by the government in combating crime and violence is extremely harsh and merely signifies violation of human rights. All actions done by the government should always be fair to the suspects and prisoners. Different civil liberties and human rights organizations must look after these actions to guarantee that civil liberties and human rights of suspects and prisoners are valued. In this rigid combating campaign against terrorism, does government should be able to mind for civil liberties of individuals? Should the government be able to protect it? Even though the government has expanded powers to pursue their fight against terrorism, some says that those civil liberties or the freedoms that totally protect every individual from the government shall be not dishonored or violated. These civil liberties are the ones which sets the limitations for the government such as not to misuse its authority. Most probably in war against violence and crime, as government given an extended power, civil liberties like human rights are most likely to be violated. For these reasons, critics as well as human rights organizations focus primarily on the matters that concerns protection and promotion of human rights during campaign against terrorist attacks. Â  Promotion of human rights and civil liberties were being under encouraged by these groups. Protect the community, being the one of the major concerns of the law must not be set aside nor violated instead must be acted upon by (Herald, 2004). In any time or instance, even if its time for combat against terrorism, the law must be the principal protector and promoter of human rights and civil liberties. Rights and liberties are for every human being no matter how dreadful or harmful he was. Every prisoner, may it be terrorist or not, do also has his rights and liberties like every normal citizens have. A prisoner has the right to be fair trial, not treated as animals, and also right to eat meals. They should not be punished in customs that not according to the law, as law is said to be the protector of individuals. Having the authority to make and the power to enforce the law, the government, must not just only focus on one of its mission. The government must be capable and responsible to act upon on its tasks for the society and also for its citizens. Every tasks or missions designated to the government are of equivalent significance, no mission is more significant than the other. In combating terrorism, though it is recognized as a tough mission for the government, other missions shall not be set aside for. Likewise for the mission of government to protect and respect the civil liberties and human rights, this plain mission put to one side. Treating missions evenly will lessen the burden of tension between civil liberties and terrorism will be lessen or even eradicated. References: DOJ. (2006). Fact Sheet: Department of Justice Anti-Terrorism Efforts Since Sept. 11, Â  2001. Herald, T. S. M. (2004). Standing up for liberties. International, A. (2006). Pakistan Working to stop human rights violations in the war on terror. Pike, J. (2005). al-Qaida (The Base) Qa‘idat al-Jihad Islamic Army for the Liberation of the Holy Places World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and CrusadersIslamic Salvation Foundation Usama bin Laden Network.

Pollution and Plunging Male Fertility :: Pollution Environment Environmental

Pollution and Plunging Male Fertility Several reliable studies have confirmed that fertility among men has decreased as a result of pollution. The average male ejaculation is about three milliliters. This amount of semen can contain between 20 million to 300 million sperm per milliliter semen. To determine the approximate number of sperm per milliliter of semen, technicians must place a drop of semen on a slide and, while looking through a microscope, they count the sperm within a certain sector. Men that have sperm counts below 20 million per milliliter are said to have reduced fertility and those whose counts fall below 5 million are considered sterile. In 1974, C. M. Kinloch-Nelson and Raymond G. Bunge at the University of Iowa, studied the semen quality of men who had fathered two or more children and were about to undergo vasectomies. Of the 386 fertile men studied, 7% of them had sperm concentrations above 100 million per millimeter and the average concentration was 48 million. When they compared their findings to similar studies done in the thirties, they found that sperm counts had been decreasing for 50 years. "They discovered that among healthy adult males who were not being treated for infertility, the average sperm count had declined by about 40 percent, from 120 million sperm cells per milliliter of semen to about 70 million" (Big Drop 36). In 1979, a professor at Florida State University, upon analyzing student semen samples discovered surprisingly low sperm counts and alarmingly high levels of toxic chemicals (including DDT and PLB's). "He suggested that environmental pollution might be causing the sperm decline" (Big Drop 36). The results of his findings triggered studies all over the world, showing counts in the range from 55 to 75 million and others showing numbers well above 100 million. Men exposed to high levels of toxic chemicals on the job were found to have semen containing pollutants. "Most scientists held to the view that changes in counting techniques were responsible for the reported dip" and . . . "after a few headlines, the sperm crisis became yesterday's news" (Big Drop 36). In 1996, Niels E. Skakkebk, a Danish pediatric endocrinologist, began studying male infertility and growth disorders among children . He had been noticing numerous boys with testicles that had not descended and malformed genitals. A study done in 1984 examining 2,000 Danish school boys showed that 7% of them had one or both testicles still inside their bodies.

Participatory Research Design Essay

The changing nature of the global business culture has necessitated various aspects of organizational behavior. This is the spirit of the overwhelming variables that define how employees interact and integrate with the corporate processes with the basic goal of meeting the corporate objectives and missions. Understanding the requirements of the organizational behavior is an important aspect which helps to align its procedures and processes in line with the behavioral conception within the corporation (Dan, 1998) The research team  The parameters that provide the best knowledge would involve carrying out a research study across various organizations aimed at learning the statutory components of the concepts of organizational behavior. This would involve a controlled dissemination of research team across the sample of selected corporations. The layout of the research process would involve the evaluation of the aspects that articulate within the fundamental concept of organizational behavior as an important factor in the success of the corporation. Investigating the issue and its assumptions. The concept of organizational behavior is chiefly incorporated at a diverse autonomy within different cases of organizations. This research study will therefore aim at studying the scope of influence of organizational behavior to the functionality of different organizations that differs in terms of capacity, functions, and managerial processes. The underlying assumptions will also be developed in terms of the result provision of the research process about what impacts are endowed by the concept of organization behavior (Dan, 1998) Developing an action pal and data collection strategies In order to collect the most reliable data, the researcher would pursue various methods of data collection strategies and methods that would help to yield the most reliable research results and outcomes. This would include the use of methods such as observation, questionnaire and survey. A stream of related data responses shall be collected through these methods which would then be used in arriving at rational conclusions and recommendations about the impact of organizational behavior to the contemporary functionality of the organization (Dan, 1998) Data analysis The research process would not be fully met until the collected data in passed through various methods of data analysis that would help to yield the most reliable results and findings. This could be through methods such as correlation, T-test, F-test, barographs, pie-charts and other significant methods of data analysis.

Britvic Case Study Essay

The marketing concept urges organizations to focus on the needs and wants of their customer. By following this concept the organization’s success can be achieved solely through customer satisfaction. In the case study we see that by identify the needs of the customer; a key characteristic in the marketing concept, Ralph Chapman acknowledged that the Great Depression in the UK meant that many of the poorest customers needed an affordable source of vitamin C. He found a way to bottle fruit juices so they stayed fresher for longer without the addition of preservatives, his juices were sold in small glass bottles that ensured easy transportation. This contributed to keeping the products cost effective. Customer satisfaction is another significant part of the marketing concept. Britvic has a constant flow of new product development; they plan on launching a new Tango variant called Tango Clear with no added sugar. They plan on marketing this to the older generation. They have understood a knish in the older market to meet customer satisfaction by supplying a healthier alternative to their original product, which was more brand appealing to children and teenagers. We can identify that by using the marketing concept Britvic’s core goals are meeting the consumers needs and wants to achieve full customer satisfaction and to sustain their title as the second most successful soft drinks supplier in the UK. Customers are central, we can see this in the case study when we look at the considerable amount of products they supply too approximately 20,0000 outlets across the country including all leading supermarkets, local shops, restaurants, pubs, hotels and cinemas. They are the leading drinks supplier to the licensed premises and have more soft drinks brands in their portfolio than any other UK manufacturer. This makes them so accessible to the consumer, and offers a large variety of different products to suit numerous markets

Domestication and Spread of the Sweet Potato

Domestication and Spread of the Sweet Potato The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop, probably first domesticated somewhere between the Orinoco river in Venezuela north to the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The oldest sweet potato discovered to date was in the Tres Ventanas cave in the Chilca Canyon region of Peru, ca. 8000 BCE, but it is believed to have been a wild form. Recent genetic research suggests that Ipomoea trifida, native to Colombia, Venezuela, and Costa Rica, is the closest living relative of I. batantas, and maybe its progenitor. The oldest remains of domesticated sweet potato in the Americas were found in Peru, about 2500 BCE. In Polynesia, decidedly Precolumbian sweet potato remains have been found in the Cook Islands by CE 1000-1100, Hawaii by CE 1290-1430, and Easter Island by CE 1525. Sweet potato pollen, phytoliths, and starch residues have been identified in agricultural plots alongside maize in South Auckland. Sweet Potato Transmissions Transmission of the sweet potato around the planet was primarily the work of the Spanish and Portuguese, who got it from the South Americans and spread it to Europe. That doesnt work for Polynesia, though; its too early by 500 years. Scholars generally assume that either seed of the potato were brought to Polynesia by birds such as the Golden Plover that regularly cross the Pacific; or by accidental raft drift by lost sailors from the South American coast. A recent computer simulation study indicates that raft drift is, in fact, a possibility. Source This article on the domestication of sweet potatoes is part of the About.com Guide to Plant Domestications, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bovell-Benjamin, Adelia. 2007. Sweet potato: A review of its past, present and future role in human nutrition. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 52:1-59. Horrocks, Mark and Ian Lawlor 2006 Plant microfossil analysis of soils from Polynesian Journal of Archaeological Science 33(2):200-217.stonefields in South Auckland, New Zealand. Horrocks, Mark and Robert B. Rechtman 2009 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and banana (Musa sp.) microfossils in deposits from the Kona Field System, Island of Hawaii. Journal of Archaeological Science 36(5):1115-1126. Horrocks, Mark, Ian W. G. Smith, Scott L. Nichol, and Rod Wallace 2008 Sediment, soil and plant . Journal of Archaeological Science 35(9):2446-2464.microfossil analysis of Maori gardens at Anaura Bay, eastern North Island, New Zealand: comparison with descriptions made in 1769 by Captain Cooks expedition Montenegro, lvaro, Chris Avis, and Andrew Weaver. Modeling the prehistoric arrival of the sweet potato in Polynesia. 2008. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(2):355-367. OBrien, Patricia J. 1972. The Sweet Potato: Its Origin and Dispersal. American Anthropologist 74(3):342-365. Piperno, Dolores R. and Irene Holst. 1998. The Presence of Starch Grains on Prehistoric Stone Tools from the Humid Neotropics: Indications of Early Tuber Use and Agriculture in Panama. Journal of Archaeological Science 35:765-776. Srisuwan, Saranya, Darasinh Sihachakr, and Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev. 2006. The origin and evolution of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) and its wild relatives throughout the cytogenetic approaches. Plant Science 171:424–433. Ugent, Donald and Linda W. Peterson. 1988. Archaeological remains of potato and sweet potato in Peru. Circular of the International Potato Center 16(3):1-10.

Where to Start When It Comes to Writing Your First Essay Paper

Where to Start When It Comes to Writing Your First Essay Paper Essay writing, it ain’t no fun. Of course, if you’re writing about something you have a massive passion for then you could enjoy the process of getting lost in the content, but the actual structure and, of course, the deadline, could cause you some problems. Everyone struggles when it comes to writing an essay from time to time, but there are a few tricks to follow, some guidelines if you will, which will help you put together the bones of your outline, which you can then meat out with the content you know inside out – or the content you hopefully know inside out! So, how do you start writing that paper? It’s all about being organized. And a couple of other tricks. So heres what you need to do: Know Your Brief If you go off on a tangent, without truly understanding what the brief is, then you’re onto a losing streak from the very start. It doesn’t matter how good your essay content is, if you don’t answer the question or meet the aims of the essay brief, then you’re going to fail. Understand what you are being asked to do. Make Sure You Understand the Topic You need to read about the topic until you understand it completely. For instance, if you’re being asked to write an English Literature paper about a book, make sure you have read it, because how can you write about a subject you have flaky knowledge of? Research the Hell Out of It Knowing your topic is one thing, but you’re never going to know everything. Research the topic and different viewpoints attached to it. Essays need light and shade, and you need to give different arguments depending on what type of essay it is. Make an Outline for Your Essay Plan your essay, think of it as the skeleton, if that makes sense. You need the outline to give subheadings, so you know what you’re going to write about, and where. This makes the whole writing process easier because it breaks it down into bite-sized chunks, and also makes it easier to read, without being one long ramble that nobody really has time for, not least the person marking your final paper. Write in Sections Once you’ve sorted out your outline, do a section at a time. For instance, write the introduction, spell check it, re-read it, and edit it, before moving onto the next section. This makes the whole writing process much less of a long and drawn out process, because you’re completing a section as you go, and it’s almost like putting a tick in a box – instant feel good. Make a Timetable If you feel like you simply don’t have enough hours in the day, it’s a good idea to organise your time. Draw up a timetable, e.g. on Monday you will write section 1,2,3, and on Tuesday you will write sections 4 and 5, and so on. This means that you have an idea of when your essay will be finished, and you can factor in time in case of unforeseen circumstances. Having a loose timetable is one of the best ways to cut down on stress, as the process won’t seem overwhelming. And if You Need Help †¦ Sometimes things happen in life and it basically throws our plans right up in the air. If this happens to you and you’re halfway through writing an essay, with a looming deadline, it’s a recipe for stress and worry. Equally, if you’re facing a deadline and you don’t have a clue how you’re going to complete the task, there is help at hand. Here at Essay Writing Place, we offer professional and expert essay writing services, be it a persuasive essay, a creative writing essay or some other brief which fits the bill. Our team of native writers are highly trained and knowledgeable, and are on hand to take the task off your hands. Cut out the stress and don’t let it take over your life if this sounds like a situation you’re in, simply hand it over to us! Writing an essay and making it top class in quality isn’t the easiest kind of a task, but with plenty of research and preparation, you can certainly create a paper to wow your lecturer.

Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Paper - Essay Example Through this memorandum, I have given you the details of the law and have broken them down to a level that makes it more straightforward and understandable. You should make a decision about which way you would like to fix this issue as soon as possible. This will ensure that justice is pursued and attained accordingly. Reviewing and evaluating the legal aspects of decisions made at different situations is of paramount importance especially in this environment that is characterized by trickery and lies. Thus although your intentions towards charitable donations are geared towards enhancing the good of the society, relative relationships and agreements that you enter into need to be defined by legal provisions. From a legal point of view, it cannot be disputed that you were misled by Integral Health Facility into paying them that particular amount of money. This action raises various legal concerns regarding parole evidence, specific performance, recession and so forth. Undoubtedly, th e health facility breached the contract and the legal implications of this are diverse. Although factual information regarding these has been analyzed in the preceding segment, the final decision with respect to the legal measures to take is still yours. The problem To understand the legal implications that are related to your case, it is important to acknowledge the legal dimensions of this case. These provide useful insights regarding the bone of contention and enable you to make informed decisions. Respective understanding will for instance help you to understand the far you can go with regards to taking practical steps to address this legal concern. From the information provided, it cannot be disputed that you actually wanted to build a cancer health facility in remembrance of your mother. After being informed by Integral Health Center that they had plans to build a similar facility, you requested them to allow you finance the project and have it named after your mother upon com pletion. According to you, Integral Health Center wholeheartedly agreed to this proposition and you made the payments accordingly. You signed a contract which did not indicate that the facility would be named after your mother. However, you talked with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) about the naming ceremony that was set to take place once the institution was completed. Probably, you presumed that these provisions would be effected regardless of not having been documented in the contract. However, the institution did not begin the construction and after your first inquiry, it promised to start constructing after three months. This was not effected and at this point, you met the Chief Executive Officer. It is at this point that the CEO informed you that the institution’s decision to build the facility was not firm and that it was not going to pursue it. The CEO however promised that the financial resources were going to be used on another equally important project. The bone of contention in this respect is the institution’s failure to build the facility, even after receiving money from you. Your claim is that the institution builds the facility and names it after your mother as agreed upon. From this case, there are various legal concerns that arise. The Notion of Fraud in the Case To understand the element of fraud in this case, it would be important for you to be conversant with the legal constituents of this malpractice. To begin with, there needs to be a false statement in the entire scenario1. This is

Job Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Analysis - Research Paper Example This job related behaviors are therefore considered as important in order to define who to hire and recruit. (Fine & Steven F, 1999) One of the key purposes of preparing job analysis is to define the job specifications as well as job descriptions which invariably allow an organization to identify the right kind of attributes required to perform the job. As such the future hiring and selection of the employees takes place based upon this. It is also critical to note that the job analysis is also used for later improvements in the overall job process besides defining the promotion and compensation criteria based upon the overall contents of the jobs. Job analysis is also used for the purpose of defining the training requirements of the employees and what kind of training and development programs need to be implemented in order to allow employees to move from one position to another. It is critical to note that organizations use job analysis as one of the legal defense tools in the courts. Job analysis can have serious legal implications if there are any elements of bias in the overall process of preparing job analysis for the employees. Since job analysis is also used in the supervisory evaluations as well as the rating of the employees, it is therefore important that all the criteria are effectively measured and carefully defined in order to reduce the chance of bias. Uniform Guidelines on employee selection specifically ask for the thorough job analysis as one of the selection criteria for hiring the employees. Further, validity studies are also required to be based upon careful review of the information about the job and the reviews should give due consideration to the job analysis. Americans with Disability Act specifically give more importance to the job analysis and strictly prohibits discrimination against persons with

Strategic marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic marketing management - Essay Example Strategic marketing helps the organisation to supply products that will be accepted by consumers and at the most appropriate prices that will help to enhance profitability. This is because of the idea that the organisation starts with good market research to determine what consumers, the targeted group of consumers, the strengths and the weaknesses of competitors and future trends (McDaniel & Rylander 1993). The firm can then redesign and differentiate its products to meet and exceed consumers’ expectations that in turn expand the market share and also enhance profitability.   Additionally, strategic marketing helps the organisation to determine the optimal prices for its products in the various environments in which it operates (McDaniel & Rylander 1993). If high price establishes a perception of high value then the organisation can improve the quality of the product and offer the product at a higher price. Conversely, if the customers are only willing to buy the product at the lowest price then the organisation adopts more efficient methods of production to lower the cost of production that can allow it to offer lower prices. This will ensure that the organisation can always meet its objectives and remain most powerful in the industry.     Strategic marketing also enables the various departments of the organisation to co-ordinate effectively to meet the overall goals set. The first process in strategic marketing is the articulation of the reason the organisation exists followed by the means of benefiting consumers over a long time.

Everyday Healthcare Ethics Stress and Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Everyday Healthcare Ethics Stress and Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay The nursing is a fundamental sector in the provision of proper healthcare services to the individuals and the society as a whole. The importance of the sector is emphasized as it has a bearing on the health status of the economy. The state of health of the people forming part of the society today is of the essence. Improper health of individual workers affects the output of the workers negatively as they cannot effectively attend to their obligations at work. It results into a nation-wide loss of revenue. A healthy economy thrives in all the sectors as the workers are in a position to effectively deliver in their workplaces. A healthy economy earns good revenues. The inclusion of the issue of economic issues of the nation in the topic of health is of great magnitude. It shows the weight that the issue of healthcare has on the economic progress of the contemporary economy. The topic of nursing is one that cannot be avoided if the fate of the economy is to be established. The health sector in the contemporary society faces several ethical issues in the nursing sector (Baillie, 2013). A major aspect of the ethical issues that are subject to heated debates is the stress factor at the workplace. Critics postulate that the sector contains a large group of nurses who are burdened by stress. It is dreaded that the continuous contact of the nurses with stressful conditions can negatively impact on their delivery in the job set-up (Baillie, 2013). The extent to which stress affects service delivery in the health sector has not been established, and it attracts substantial attention in research. The stress that the paper capitalizes on is the stress that a nurse worker is exposed to in and off the workplace. It is noted that stress can lead to the sprouting of other ethical challenges (Baillie, 2013). The paper capitalizes on the various ethical challenges exhibited in the nursing profession. It discusses the possible effects of the ethical challenges, causation factors and their relation to stress as a major ethical issue in the provision of  healthcare services. The recommends the latest remedies that can be employed to minimize stress. Forms of ethical challenges and causes of stress in the nursing industry Nurses encounter challenges and dilemmas in circumstances that they cannot get the opportunity to undertake what they think is right (Luhanga et al., 2010). Such circumstances require steady thinking and making of substantial resolutions that can work. The urge of the nurses to be good professionals intensifies the need to meditate on a given situation clouded by dilemma. The circumstances that present the nurse with a tough question to answer often trigger the development of stress within the worker. The stress is experienced at the very stage of making a decision on a given critical issue and also after the decision is made in response to the tough situation. The nurses, therefore, experience a great extent of moral distress. The event of the experience triggers varied reactions in different nurses. Some of the nurses have the courage to speak out their minds while some lack such courage and they go around hiding their problems. Burden of Witnessing an Ailing Patient The forms of ethical challenges such as stress could be drawn based on the causation factor. There is a burden of witnessing the ailing of the patients in their hospital beds. There are many patients who suffer for a longtime in the hospitals and their conditions keep worsening to the point of death. Such scenarios affect the nurses who provide healthcare services if they are constantly exposed to the similar circumstances. The work of a nurse is to relieve the suffering of the patient. The complex intervention that are resorted to, often lead to more suffering of the patients. The nurses are, therefore, torn between effecting the remedy and letting the patient remain in the state of mild suffering. The thought of being unable to contain the situation when there is an available option that can be exploited poses a great challenge to the nurses. The mental burden of bearing the suffering in their minds for such long durations may affect their service delivery if a remedy is not effect ed swiftly (Luhanga et al., 2010) Ignorance of the Family Members of the Patient The ethical challenges obviously had to do with watching the patients suffer: a suffering that the nurses deem to be unnecessary. It is understandable that the available nursing interventions that may be effected may serve to increase the suffering of the patient without causing an outcome for improvement. The other form of challenge that nurses experience could be the stress caused by the ignorance of the family of the patient and the patients about the available treatment options that can be exploited in a given scenario. They do not know the clinical prognosis of the treatment option that is available and the family of the patient do not stop at establishing whether the voice of the patient is taken care of in most situations (Tully, 2014). The family members of the patient often press on the administration of treatments without the knowledge of the resulting repercussions of the said treatment to the patient. They also criticize and influence the decision that is made by the patient on the appropriate treatment to be administered. The indulgence of the external parties in matters of the patient’s medication or treatment stresses-up nurses and other medics too (Tully, 2014). The stress often comes up when they are forced to administer treatments based on past successful occasion on a patient with a different diagnosis. The problem also comes in after the controversial treatment is effected, and the effects appear to be detrimental to the patient. The latter scenarios are often characterized by fierce criticism of the nurse who participated in administering the treatment. The professionalism of the participating nurse is usually questioned and in some cases the nurse can even end up in a court of law. Such cases are major instances that causes mental stress and shapes the origins or forms in which the said ethical challenges arise in the course of provision of healthcare services. Co nflict of Interest Offering care to the patients presents another form through which stress emerges in the nursing profession. It is the kind of ethical challenge that emanates from a conflict between the interest of the organisation and interest of the individual nurses (Tully, 2014). The health providers including private clinics, public hospitals and other health institutions have their rules that they often regard as ethical. The health providers often strive to push for actions that serve their best interests in the  industry of health service. The most prominent organisation that have strict rules are the private entities. The issue of conflict here is usually the payment modalities. It is known that the economic capabilities of patients differ and the methods of making medical payments cannot be the same for all the patients. The rules of the medical institutions provide that payments should be made promptly to the institution for any service that is provided to the patient. Some patients ofte n have no ready cash owing to their economic circumstances and the high cost of medical healthcare. Organisation often insists that payments are to be made immediately before the commencement of treatment even in conditions where the patient is in critical conditions (Ulrich, 2010). The nurses are the intermediaries between the management and the patients. Therefore, they are the people entitled to further or to carry out the interest of the organisation. They often face the challenge of serving the organisation or providing services to the patient to save a life. The challenge exists in trying to strike a balance between being loyal to the employer and saving the life of an innocent patient in a critical condition. Seeing an innocent and helpless patient die in the event of serving the interest of the employer could be so stressful in real life. As much as money is needed to take care of the medical expenses of the medical provider, the interest of the patient of lower economic status must also be regarded to ensure that the nurses do not suffer from the challenge of divided interest (Ulrich, 2010). The work environment The contemporary society presents various complications in the field Medicare. The complications are witnessed in the structure of the organisation and in the communication channels that are used in the medical institution (Seedhouse, 2013). The structure of the leadership in a medical institution and the mode of communication can serve to frustrate the nurses in the workplace. Several nurses report difficulties in communication and instances of workplace bullying. The elements mentioned are part of serious work environment ethical concerns in the contemporary society. The present hierarchy of work structure in the management is designed in a manner that does not encourage communication among workers. Most organisation exhibit tall leadership structures. Tall leadership structures contribute to the  discouraging of vertical communication among the workers in a medical institution. The junior employees are placed in a circumstance where they can hardly initiate or communicate to the senior employees about any ethical issue that may arise. Nurses are the employees who are ranked at the lower topology of the leadership organogram just after the subordinate staff. Their placement does not allow them effectively to pass ethical issue to their bosses (Seedhouse, 2013). Stress comes in when the ethical issues such as gender violence at work, bullying at the workplace or any other related mistreatment issues cannot be passed to higher authorities for deliberation. The condition presents a scenario where several issue build-up beyond the control of the employee. The build-up of issues in the minds of the nurses causes them to be stressed up in their workplaces, and this has a negative influence on the quality of the services delivered. Understaffing The other issue causing stress is the issue of staffing. The society today is characterized by increased levels of ailments and various diseases that come up every day. The presence of chronic diseases, as well as, the occurrence of several accidents presents a scenario where the number of the patients in the health facilities increase tremendously. The increase in the number of patients causes the necessity for an increase in the numbers of nurses who can promptly attend to the patients. Despite the large increase, the nurse to patient ratio has not been any better (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are therefore overloaded with work in their work environments. Their bosses exert much pressure on them to deliver as per the job description that they signed. The process of striking a balance in attending to many patients is quite stressful and can cause them to deliver poor services to the patients. The nurses are, therefore, forced to dodge certain duties that are assigned to them in genuine terms. Some of the nurses suffer emotional disturbance in instances where they genuinely neglect a duty due to the fact that they were held up in delivering services to the other patients. Understaffing, therefore, causes stress to the nurses through the creating of a hectic working environment that is over-demanding to the nurses (Maynard, 2011). Prioritization of the Patients’ Needs The patients in the health care institutions do not only have health  problems, but they also have emotional disorders. The emotional needs of the patients also deserve to be addressed promptly as they also affect the healing process of the patients. The nurses are individuals specialized in the provision of Medicare services to the patients. They are not adequately trained to address the emotional needs of the patients. At times, situations that demand the addressing of an emotional condition of the patient arises and this calls for the attention of the nurses. Being that the nurses are not well trained in the field and that they have other health duties to attend to, they are often faced with the challenge of taking up the duty to provide emotional support to the respective patient (Mark, 2012). If they decide to avoid attending to the emotional duty, they may feel that they are not doing any good to the patients who do not receive optimal healthcare. They also feel that the family of the patient may give a negative feedback on their performances in the occasion that they did not get full support. Their attention is divided in prioritizing the nature of the duty to indulge in when such cases arise. The event can cause emotional distress and mental stress to the nurses, hence leading to the causation of other opportunistic ethical nursing problems. Advanced Technology in Healthcare Provision Technology used in the delivery of healthcare services are becoming more complicated with time. Almost all the tasks in the health institution are performed with the aid of a machine (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are, therefore, placed in a condition where they have no other easy alternative, but to learn how to use the technology. The patients under treatment at times could be more knowledgeable on the respective technologies that the nurse. The resulting situation can possible cause a challenge to the nurse as he will not be comfortable in the process of using the technology on such a patient. The nurses are, therefore, entitled to keep updating themselves on the new technology that is used in the field of healthcare provision. The process of maintaining a regular update on the use of the current technology could cause much stress to the nurses (Ulrich et al., 2010). Nurses are stressed when they cannot balance between learning new tricks at work and providing healthcare services eff ectively. Recommendation for Reduction of Stress The elements that cause stress to the nurses in the health organisations deserve to be addressed promptly. It is because stress as an ethical issue causes impacts that stretch to very many fields and varied stakeholders at play. Stress affects the delivery of the nurses in the health sector. The section provides remedies that should be considered in ensuring that the aspects that cause stress in the workplace are negated. The recommendation will also guide in the proper management of the stress whenever it is contracted by the nurses. The recommendations below are specifically tailored for containing the stress condition for the nurses. Research shows that a scheduled course of guided coaching in mindfulness deliberation or mediation practices, facilitated group discussion, yoga and stretching, home assignments and work, and individually tailored support and instruction can serve to minimize the effects of stress in a nurse (Ulrich et al., 2010). The remedy is justified from a demonstration in a research work that was carried out. The overall health and well-being of the nurses who participated in the demonstration was surveyed at three points namely 2 weeks prior to research, immediately after the program, and four months following the program. Results displayed statistical improvement in the wellness and overall health of the nurses at each point of intervention (Clark, 2010). The program can be recommended for use by the nurses. Stress prevention can be initiated through the initiation of measures that prevent the occurrence of other ethical issues as stress is indirectly connected to them (Opie et al., 2013). Mo st of the ethical issues cause stress and, therefore, their prevention results into minimization of the occurrence of stress among medical nurses. The administration of the health institutions should look for ways that encourage the realization of community obligation to the patient, with partnership in answering questions and conversing about ethical issues. It helps the families and the community at large to understand the circumstances under which the nurses undertake their obligation (Hussain, 2009). It will save the nurses from receiving intensive criticism when a given treatment responds negatively, hence the nurse concerned will be less stressed. The administration should ensure that the nurses are trained to provide emotional support to the patients who need such services to avoid the development of the feeling that shoddy work  has been done. Nurses should reflect on how they can manage to complete obligations. Nurses should call on their team members, for instance to help them balance between talking and tasks with a patient who is dismayed (Clark, 2010). As nurses develop and advance in experience, they become bett er. Relevant training must be done to the nurses on the usage of technology in the delivery of health services to clients so as to avoid embarrassing situations. The nurses can advocates for the availability of adequate staffing that is suitable for the patient population (Clark, 2010). They should also know how to resolve issues when there is inadequate staffing Conclusion The development in the contemporary society presents complications in various sectors. Health sector is not an exception. Many ethical issues that cause stress are seen to arise in the healthcare sector. The ethical issue arises from the unfavorable work environments of the workers, poor leadership structures, and lack of effective communication among workers, understaffing, and ignorance of the community among others. The effective implementation of the recommendation will serve to restore sanity in nursing as they will aid in preventing ethical conditions that cause stress to the nurses. As a result, the provision of healthcare services by the nurses will be improved to adequate levels. References Baillie, H. W. (2013). Health care ethics (6th Ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. Clark, A. C. (2010). Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit. Nursing Standard, 15(52), 29-29. Hussain, F. (2009). Handbook for Health Care Ethics Committees (review). Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(3), 929-930. Luhanga, F., Myrick, F., Yonge, O. (2010). The Preceptorship Experience: An Examination of Ethical and Accountability Issues. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(5), 264-271. Mark, F. (2012). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Nursing. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 37(4), 179. Maynard, A. (2011). Ethics and health care underfunding. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27(4), 223-227. Opie, T., Dollard, M., Lenthall, S., Knight, S. (2013). Occupational Stress in Remote Area Nursing: Development of the Remote Area Nursing Stress Scale (RANSS). Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(2), 246-263. Seedhouse, D. (2013). What is the difference between health care ethics, medical ethics and nursing ethics? Health Care Analysis, 5(4), 267-274. Tully, A. (2014). Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(1), 43-47. Ulrich, C. M., Taylor, C., Soeken, K., O. Donnell, P., Farrar, A., Danis, M., et al. (2010). Everyday Ethics: Ethical Issues and Stress in Nursing Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(11), 2510-2519.